Let’s know some major Nasal Diseases

In modern society, more and more people are troubled by nasal diseases , and chronic pain has not received enough attention, especially the nose is the most easily ignored area. The nose is not only a respiratory organ, but also an important part of people’s face . Everyone have to pay attention to the chronic pain caused by some nasal problems. In this article we are going to some major nasal diseases.

Rhinitis is an inflammatory .

For patients with rhinitis, the nose and throat are connected, and the infection goes up and down, causing coughing, which means that the infection has spread to the trachea.

40%-60% of patients with allergic rhinitis generally have allergic asthma , which can easily cause symptoms such as itchy eyes and conjunctivitis.

Patients with rhinitis and mouth breathing are prone to pharyngitis.

Simple rhinitis	Hypertrophic rhinitis	Allergic rhinitis	Rhinitis Medicamentosa	Atrophic rhinitis	Chronic rhinitis	Acute rhinitis
The nasal mucosa may be congested, swollen, exudated (the secretions are watery or mucous), hyperplastic, atrophic or necrotic.	Hypertrophic rhinitis is a hyperplastic and thickening change of the nasal mucosa, submucosa and nasal concha , which is transformed from chronic simple rhinitis.	After a characteristic individual comes into contact with an allergen, the body releases histamine, accompanied by non-infectious inflammatory diseases of the nasal mucosa involving a variety of immune-active cell nuclear factors .	Long-term use of various rhinitis drugs, lasers, or surgeries that damage the nasal mucosa can lead to persistent nasal congestion and nosebleeds.	There is foul-smelling breath, nasal secretions are in the form of lumps and tubular pus crusts that are not easy to blow out, and there is a small amount of bleeding when the dry scabs are squeezed out with force.	Nasal congestion, excessive mucus, decreased sense of smell, headache, dizziness, cough, sputum. Allergic rhinitis also causes itchy nose, itchy eyes, and sneezing.	General malaise, chills , fever, loss of appetite, headache, dryness and burning sensation in the nasopharynx, itching in the nose, frequent sneezing, and high fever. This is common if a severe cold lasts for more than 7 days.

Sinusitis and its location

Sinusitis is inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses: frontal , sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary.

It is caused by upper respiratory tract infection , improper treatment of acute sinusitis, obstructive diseases and trauma in the nasal cavity, etc.

Systemic symptoms include nasal obstruction, yellow purulent discharge, local pain and headache, and decreased sense of smell.

Acute sinusitis

Causes	Caused by upper respiratory tract infection, bacterial and viral infections may occur simultaneously. The course of the disease is less than 12 weeks, and it manifests as persistent and severe upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, including nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, headache, etc.
symptom	Chills and fever, general discomfort, lack of energy, loss of appetite, and in severe cases, convulsions, vomiting and diarrhea.

Chronic sinusitis

Causes	1 Transformed from acute sinusitis. 2 Obstructive etiology. 3 Pathogenic bacteria such as beta-hemolytic streptococcus. 4 Odontogenic infection: Odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis is caused by the roots of the upper molars being adjacent to the maxillary sinus floor. 5 Trauma and foreign bodies. 6 Anatomical factors of the sinuses. 7 Systemic factors.
symptom	1. Purulent discharge, nasal congestion, olfactory impairment, headache, other ( chronic inflammation , deafness, tinnitus) 2. Other symptoms, eye pressure, which may cause visual impairment

Nasal Polyps – Definition

Nasal Polyps – Definition	Common nasal diseases, long-term inflammation and stimulation of the nasal mucosa, edema and irreversible tumors. Tumors connected by thin roots, its covering mucosa is continuous with the nasal or sinus mucosa. Polyps are irreversible and will not disappear even if the cause is removed after formation.
Causes	Nasal inflammation is caused by long-term irritation, repeated colds, rhinitis and sinusitis.
symptom	Nasal congestion, loss of smell, nasal voice, nose bleeding, thin or thick purulent secretions, tinnitus and hearing loss (caused by polyps blocking the Eustachian tube opening ), swelling and discomfort in the back of the nose and cheeks, etc.

Nosebleed – Definition

Nosebleed – Definition	Epistaxis is usually unilateral, but rarely bilateral.
Causes	1. Improper nose picking, deviated nasal septum , rhinitis, nasal polyps, nasopharyngeal tumors, trauma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma , etc. 2. Hemorrhagic blood diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, liver and spleen diseases, acute febrile infectious diseases, nutritional disorders, vitamin deficiencies, low calcium, etc.
symptom	In mild cases, there is blood in the mucus, and in severe cases, it can cause hemorrhagic shock . Repeated nosebleeds can lead to anemia.

Nasal Septum Deviation – Definition

Nasal Septum Deviation – Definition	The nasal septum bends to one or both sides, or one or both sides of the nasal septum bulge locally, causing physiological dysfunction of the nasal cavity and sinuses.
Causes	Nasal trauma, developmental abnormalities, nasal and sinus tumors, heredity, etc.
symptom	1. Nasal congestion, nose bleeding, nose, face, and head pain, etc. 2. Adjacent organ involvement: High nasal septum deviation hinders sinus drainage, induces purulent sinusitis or fungal infection, causes tinnitus, upper respiratory tract infection, and snoring.

Snoring – Definition

Snoring – Definition	Also known as snoring, the normal throat is a channel. When this channel becomes narrow, air flows through it and makes a sound, which is snoring.
Causes	People with narrowed pharyngeal passages, obesity, lax throat muscles , and sore throats are most likely to snore. Specific causes include loose jaws, thickened uvula , thickened tongue, hyperplasia of throat soft tissue, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, and enlarged tonsils .
symptom	Memory loss, headache, dizziness, daytime sleepiness, lack of energy, breath holding when sleeping, mouth breathing. Sexual dysfunction in young people. Heart disease, stroke , hemiplegia, etc. in the elderly.

Benign nasal tumor

Benign nasal tumor	Hemangioma	Papilloma	Fibroids	osteoma
Disease site and classification	Nasal cavity, sinuses	Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses. 1 Squamous cell papilloma 2 Exophytic papilloma 3 Inverted papilloma	Nasal cavity and sinuses.	Among the paranasal sinuses, the frontal sinus is the most numerous, followed by the ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus, and sphenoid sinus.
Causes	Chronic inflammation, trauma, endocrine.
symptom	Nosebleeds (repeated), bloody nasal discharge, nasal congestion	Nasal congestion, nasal masses, runny nose, abnormal sense of smell, etc.	Nasal congestion, nose bleeding	They often stop growing in adulthood and are generally asymptomatic.
Signs	There is dark red bloody discharge from the nasal cavity or middle nasal meatus .	Polyp-like, hard, and easily bleeds when touched	The tumor is covered with mucosa, which is red or grayish white, slightly hard, and generally not easy to bleed.	Compression of nearby trachea, causing displacement.
treat	Excisional surgery, root laser electrocautery.	Excisional surgery, adjuvant cryotherapy, or laser therapy .	Resection surgery

Nose and sinus cysts

Nose and sinus cysts	Sinus cyst	Dermoid cyst	Odontogenic cyst
Signs	X-rays: often show enlarged sinus cavity, thinning bone, round tumor with uniform density. CT scan: further clarify the scope and condition of the tumor.	Examination revealed a small fistula in the center of the nasal dorsum, with a sinus tract communicating with a deep cyst and white caseous secretions.	The tumor grows slowly but can continue to grow. As it expands, it compresses the surrounding bone, causing it to be absorbed and thinned. It gradually expands in the direction of less resistance and can even destroy the walls of the maxillary sinus, causing bulges in the cheeks, oral vestibule, and alveolar areas.
treat	Drainage followed by resection	Resection of cysts and fistulas

Nasal sinus malignancy

Nasal sinus malignancy

Malignant lymphoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma