Let’s know about influenza a vs b
Inthis article we are going to tell about influenza a vs b. Influenza refers to the disease cause by influenza virus, which is divided into three types: A, B and C according to the difference in nucleoprotein and matrix protein. Influenza virus is divided into A, B or C according to the complement binding antibodies of nucleoprotein and matrix protein. Hemagglutinin (H) is a glycoprotein on the surface of influenza virus, which allows the virus to bind to cellular sialic acid and fuse with the host cell membrane. Neuraminidase (NA) is another surface glycoprotein that can remove sialic acid to prevent the virus from being released by the infected host.
Influenza A virus is a common influenza virus. Influenza A virus is most likely to mutate, and avian influenza (abbreviated as human-avian influenza) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by some strains of certain subtypes of avian influenza A virus. After the virus gene mutates , it can infect humans. The symptoms after infection are mainly high fever, cough, runny nose, myalgia, etc. Most of them are accompanied by severe pneumonia. In severe cases, multiple organ failure such as heart and kidney leads to death, and the mortality rate is very high.
Influenza B virus is an influenza virus caused by type B virus. It is characterized by an acute onset, chills, and fever. The body temperature reaches a peak of 39-40°C or even higher within a few hours to 24 hours.
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Molecular structure and subtypes of FluA and FluB:
Influenza A viruses are divided into many subtypes based on their H and N antigens. H can be divided into 18 subtypes (H1 to H18) and N has 11 subtypes (N1 to N11 [4]). Among them, only H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 mainly infect humans. H1N1 and H3N2 are the main subtypes that cause seasonal influenza. The natural hosts of many other subtypes are various poultry and animals.
Influenza A virus is most prone to mutation, and influenza pandemics are caused by the emergence of new subtypes of influenza A virus or the reappearance of old subtypes. The surface antigens of influenza A virus often undergo small mutations, which are called “antigenic drift”. Figuratively speaking, “drift” means that the virus disguises itself through small changes to avoid recognition by the human immune system. The result of influenza A virus “drift “ is that the strains that cause influenza may be different every year, and people need to be re-vaccinated with influenza vaccines every year for prevention.
Biological characteristics of FluA and FluB
Influenza viruses usually invade the human body by combining a certain part of the viral protein with a specific protein in the human body. Because through such combination, the influenza virus can suppress the human body’s own natural defense system against viral infection, paving the way for the virus to effectively replicate in the human body.
Antigenic shift only occurs in type A viruses. It is caused by genetic reassortment between viruses when two viruses from humans and animals infect the same cell. The resulting viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase undergo a completely new combination, making the population immune. Antigenic shift is the cause of the global influenza pandemic. Type A influenza viruses undergo a major mutation approximately every ten years. Since 1933, type A viruses have undergone four antigenic shifts: H0N1 (original type A, A0) from 1933 to 1946, H1N1 (subtype A, A1) from 1946 to 1957, H2N2 (Asian type A, A2) from 1957 to 1968, and H3N2 (Hong Kong type, A3) after 1968.
Generally, there is a clear alternation between the new and old subtypes. After the new subtype appears and spreads to a region, the old subtype can no longer be isolated. There are also large and small mutations between type B influenza viruses, but they are not divided into subtype shifts. No antigenic variation has been found in influenza C virus .
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